{"id":3007,"date":"2026-11-10T11:49:11","date_gmt":"2026-11-10T11:49:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/innotub.eu\/?p=3007"},"modified":"2026-11-10T11:49:12","modified_gmt":"2026-11-10T11:49:12","slug":"trois-candidats-vaccins-contre-la-tuberculose-reduisent-les-lesions-et-la-charge-bacterienne-chez-les-chevres","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/innotub.eu\/fr\/trois-candidats-vaccins-contre-la-tuberculose-reduisent-les-lesions-et-la-charge-bacterienne-chez-les-chevres\/","title":{"rendered":"Trois candidats-vaccins contre la tuberculose r\u00e9duisent les l\u00e9sions et la charge bact\u00e9rienne chez les ch\u00e8vres"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>La vaccination constitue un outil prometteur pour compl\u00e9ter les programmes de lutte et d\u2019\u00e9radication de la tuberculose animale, en particulier dans les r\u00e9gions o\u00f9 les strat\u00e9gies fond\u00e9es sur le diagnostic et l\u2019abattage des animaux infect\u00e9s n\u2019ont pas permis d\u2019\u00e9liminer la maladie ou ne sont pas applicables. Cependant, pour que leur utilisation soit possible, les vaccins doivent non seulement \u00eatre efficaces, mais aussi compatibles avec les techniques de diagnostic.<\/p>\n\n<p>Dans une \u00e9tude pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente men\u00e9e par des membres du r\u00e9seau INNOTUB II, une \u00e9valuation pr\u00e9liminaire de l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et de l\u2019interf\u00e9rence diagnostique de diff\u00e9rents prototypes a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e sur un mod\u00e8le murin. La recherche portait sur un vaccin vivant, des vaccins \u00e0 base de mycobact\u00e9ries inactiv\u00e9es par la chaleur et d\u2019autres inactiv\u00e9s par des bact\u00e9riophages, ces derniers \u00e9tant con\u00e7us pour tenter de conserver un profil antig\u00e9nique plus proche de celui des bact\u00e9ries vivantes que celui obtenu par traitement thermique, qui entra\u00eene une d\u00e9naturation incontr\u00f4l\u00e9e de ces antig\u00e8nes. \u00c0 partir de ces r\u00e9sultats, certains des candidats les plus prometteurs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s afin d\u2019\u00e9tudier plus en d\u00e9tail leur efficacit\u00e9 face \u00e0 la tuberculose chez des ch\u00e8vres infect\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n<p>Dans<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/42800088\/\"> cet article r\u00e9cemment publi\u00e9 dans la revue Vaccine (lien vers l\u2019article),<\/a> des chercheurs du NEIKER et de l\u2019IRTA-CReSA ont \u00e9tudi\u00e9 les effets de trois candidats-vaccins sur la pathologie, la charge bact\u00e9rienne et la r\u00e9ponse immunitaire chez des ch\u00e8vres infect\u00e9es par <em>Mycobacterium caprae<\/em>, en se concentrant sur leur efficacit\u00e9 protectrice et leur interf\u00e9rence diagnostique. Les vaccins \u00e9valu\u00e9s \u00e9taient : un vaccin \u00e0 base de <em>Mycobacterium bovis<\/em> inactiv\u00e9 par la chaleur (HIMB), un autre \u00e0 base de <em>M. caprae<\/em> inactiv\u00e9 par des phages (PIMC) et un vaccin vivant \u00e0 base de <em>Mycobacterium microti<\/em> (LMM).<\/p>\n\n<p>La gravit\u00e9 des l\u00e9sions globales a \u00e9t\u00e9 consid\u00e9rablement r\u00e9duite chez les animaux vaccin\u00e9s par rapport aux animaux infect\u00e9s non immunis\u00e9s. De plus, certains vaccins ont induit des effets b\u00e9n\u00e9fiques sur d\u2019autres param\u00e8tres associ\u00e9s \u00e0 la progression de la maladie, tels que la r\u00e9duction de la charge bact\u00e9rienne, du volume des l\u00e9sions des ganglions lymphatiques touch\u00e9s, de la min\u00e9ralisation du tissu pulmonaire ou de la diss\u00e9mination de l\u2019infection au-del\u00e0 de la zone d\u2019entr\u00e9e des bact\u00e9ries.<\/p>\n\n<p>La gravit\u00e9 des l\u00e9sions globales a \u00e9t\u00e9 consid\u00e9rablement r\u00e9duite chez les animaux vaccin\u00e9s par rapport aux animaux infect\u00e9s non immunis\u00e9s. De plus, certains vaccins ont induit des effets b\u00e9n\u00e9fiques sur d\u2019autres param\u00e8tres associ\u00e9s \u00e0 la progression de la maladie, tels que la r\u00e9duction de la charge bact\u00e9rienne, du volume des l\u00e9sions des ganglions lymphatiques touch\u00e9s, de la min\u00e9ralisation du tissu pulmonaire ou de la diss\u00e9mination de l\u2019infection au-del\u00e0 de la zone d\u2019entr\u00e9e des bact\u00e9ries.<\/p>\n\n<p>Les r\u00e9sultats indiquent que la vaccination avec l\u2019un quelconque des trois prototypes \u00e9valu\u00e9s contribue \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la r\u00e9ponse face \u00e0 l\u2019infection par M. caprae, bien que les effets aient \u00e9t\u00e9 plus marqu\u00e9s avec les vaccins HIMB et LMM. Le prototype HIMB s\u2019est distingu\u00e9 par sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9duire la charge bact\u00e9rienne et \u00e0 renforcer la r\u00e9ponse immunitaire inn\u00e9e, tout en maintenant une interf\u00e9rence minimale dans les tests diagnostiques, en particulier lorsque des r\u00e9actifs DIVA ont \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9s. De son c\u00f4t\u00e9, le prototype LMM a montr\u00e9 une excellente compatibilit\u00e9 avec les strat\u00e9gies de diagnostic DIVA ainsi qu\u2019une r\u00e9duction notable des l\u00e9sions et de la pr\u00e9sence bact\u00e9rienne, ce qui en fait une alternative prometteuse, malgr\u00e9 ses \u00e9ventuels inconv\u00e9nients en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 biologique, puisqu\u2019il ne s\u2019agit pas d\u2019un vaccin inactiv\u00e9. Le prototype PIMC a \u00e9galement produit des effets positifs sur plusieurs des param\u00e8tres analys\u00e9s, bien que de mani\u00e8re un peu moins marqu\u00e9e. Toutefois, cette premi\u00e8re version pr\u00e9sente encore des limites techniques li\u00e9es \u00e0 la perte de mat\u00e9riel antig\u00e9nique au cours du processus d\u2019inactivation par les phages, un aspect qui fait actuellement l\u2019objet d\u2019une optimisation.<\/p>\n\n<p>Dans l\u2019ensemble, les r\u00e9sultats obtenus avec ces vaccins justifient la r\u00e9alisation de nouvelles \u00e9tudes visant \u00e0 explorer et \u00e0 consolider leur utilit\u00e9 en tant qu\u2019outils compl\u00e9mentaires dans la lutte contre la tuberculose animale.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La vaccination constitue un outil prometteur pour compl\u00e9ter les programmes de lutte...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":3017,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[56,18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3007","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualite","category-non-classifiee"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Trois candidats-vaccins contre la tuberculose r\u00e9duisent les l\u00e9sions et la charge bact\u00e9rienne chez les ch\u00e8vres &#187; 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